Question 1 of 40The ITIL Value System
A new ITIL consultant joins an organisation with 20 years of service management history. She recommends conducting a thorough assessment of current processes, tools, and outcomes before proposing any changes.
Which guiding principle is she applying?
AThink and work holistically
BProgress iteratively with feedback
C ✓Start where you are
DOptimise and automate
Explanation: 'Start where you are' advises assessing and leveraging what already exists before proposing changes. The consultant is correctly assessing the current state before recommending anything.
Question 2 of 40The ITIL Value System
A service management team identifies that their problem resolution process involves 23 steps. After analysis, 9 steps are mandatory and 14 add no value. The team proposes removing the 14 redundant steps.
Which guiding principle does this proposal BEST reflect?
AFocus on value
B ✓Keep it simple and practical
CCollaborate and promote visibility
DStart where you are
Explanation: 'Keep it simple and practical' directs removing steps, processes, and tools that do not support outcomes. Eliminating the 14 non-value-adding steps is a direct application of this principle.
Question 3 of 40The ITIL Value System
A CIO advises delivering improvements in quarterly phases rather than waiting 2 years for a complete overhaul, learning from each phase before the next.
Which guiding principle is the CIO applying?
AKeep it simple and practical
BStart where you are
CThink and work holistically
D ✓Progress iteratively with feedback
Explanation: Delivering improvements in phases, learning from each phase — rather than waiting for a full overhaul — is the application of 'Progress iteratively with feedback'. Comprehend the whole, but do something.
Question 4 of 40The ITIL Value System
Identify the missing word(s) in the following sentence.
In the ITIL Value System, [ ? ] are sets of organisational resources — including people, processes, tools, and knowledge — designed for performing work or accomplishing an objective.
AValue streams
B ✓Practices
COperating models
DGuiding principles
Explanation: Practices are sets of organisational resources designed for performing work or accomplishing an objective. There are 34 management practices in ITIL Foundation.
Question 5 of 40The ITIL Value System
A service improvement team asks: 'Are we achieving the target resolution times we set 3 months ago?' They review monthly KPI reports and compare them to the agreed targets.
Which step of the continual improvement model are they performing?
AWhere do we want to be?
BHow do we get there?
C ✓Did we get there?
DTake action
Explanation: 'Did we get there?' involves measuring progress against the target. Reviewing KPI reports and comparing to the agreed targets is exactly this step of the continual improvement model.
Question 6 of 40The ITIL Value System
An IT department has just completed a major incident management improvement initiative. The service manager suggests using lessons learned to set a new, more ambitious target for the next cycle.
Which step of the continual improvement model triggers this next cycle?
ATake action
B ✓How do we keep the momentum going?
CWhat is the vision?
DDid we get there?
Explanation: 'How do we keep the momentum going?' is the final step of the CI model — it asks whether the improvements remain relevant and triggers the next cycle back to 'What is the vision?'.
Question 7 of 40The ITIL Value System
An organisation runs five separate improvement initiatives simultaneously. Each team works independently, making decisions that sometimes conflict with other initiatives.
Which guiding principle MOST needs to be applied?
AFocus on value
BOptimise and automate
CStart where you are
D ✓Collaborate and promote visibility
Explanation: 'Collaborate and promote visibility' — involving the right people, sharing information, and making work visible — would prevent the teams from making conflicting decisions.
Question 8 of 40The ITIL Value System
Which of the following is NOT a valid description of the value chain in ITIL Foundation?
AIt contains 8 activities that create value through products and services
BIt is the operational core of the value system
CValue streams are specific paths through the value chain
D ✓It is used once per service and then replaced for each new service
Explanation: The value chain is not used once and replaced — it is a permanent model. Different value streams select different paths through the same 8 value chain activities. The chain itself is consistent across all services.
Question 9 of 40Key ITIL terms and definitions
A SaaS company charges customers a monthly subscription for access to its platform. Customers can increase or decrease their user count monthly with no customisation.
What type of service relationship does this MOST represent?
ACollaborative (partnership)
B ✓Basic (transactional)
CCooperative (customised)
DCo-created (integrated)
Explanation: A basic (transactional) service relationship involves standard transactions with no customisation. A standard SaaS subscription with no bespoke elements is a transactional relationship.
Question 10 of 40Key ITIL terms and definitions
An IT team resolves a critical database incident. The root cause is a corrupted index. After fixing and closing the incident, the team considers what else should be done.
From the corruption pattern perspective, what ITIL record should ALSO be created?
AService request
BChange record
C ✓Problem record
DRelease record
Explanation: While the incident is resolved, a problem record should be raised to investigate the underlying cause and prevent recurrence — incident management resolves; problem management prevents.
Question 11 of 40Key ITIL terms and definitions
A new ERP system calculates tax incorrectly for overseas transactions. The vendor acknowledges the issue but cannot provide a patch for 6 weeks. The team documents the issue and creates a workaround.
What ITIL term describes the documented-but-unfixed issue?
AIncident
BProblem
C ✓Known error
DChange request
Explanation: A known error is a problem that has been analysed but not yet resolved. The tax issue is identified, acknowledged, workaround created, but fix pending — this is a known error.
Question 12 of 40Key ITIL terms and definitions
A staff member contacts the IT service desk to report that their keyboard has stopped working.
How should the IT team MOST correctly classify this request?
AProblem
B ✓Incident
CService request
DChange
Explanation: A broken keyboard is an unplanned interruption to the user's ability to work — this is an incident (reduction in service quality). A service request would be requesting an upgrade (a pre-agreed, planned service action).
Question 13 of 40Key ITIL terms and definitions
Identify the missing word(s) in the following sentence.
[ ? ] is the joint creation of value by service providers, service consumers, and other stakeholders — with each party contributing to the outcome.
AService management
B ✓Value co-creation
CService relationship
DUtility
Explanation: Value co-creation is the joint creation of value by providers, consumers, and stakeholders. In ITIL, value is never delivered one-way — it emerges from the joint contribution of multiple parties.
Question 14 of 40Key ITIL terms and definitions
Which of the following does NOT represent a cost that a service could REMOVE from a consumer?
AThe need to hire dedicated IT staff to manage infrastructure
BThe cost of purchasing and maintaining software licences
C ✓The monthly subscription fee paid to the service provider
DThe cost of procuring and refreshing hardware
Explanation: The monthly subscription fee is a cost INTRODUCED by the service. Costs of IT staff, software licences, and hardware procurement are costs the managed service would remove from the consumer.
Question 15 of 40The ITIL Four Dimensions
An organisation wants to implement an AI-powered analytics platform. Before selecting technology, the team considers who will use it, what training is needed, which teams are affected, and how it changes existing roles.
Which dimension is MOST relevant?
AInformation and technology
BPartners and suppliers
C ✓Organisations and people
DValue streams and processes
Explanation: Organisations and people covers who uses the technology, training needs, roles affected, and team structures. Considerations about users, training, teams, and roles are squarely in this dimension.
Question 16 of 40The ITIL Four Dimensions
An organisation has a strong analytics platform, skilled data scientists, and well-defined processes. However, data feeding these processes comes from 7 systems with inconsistent formats and poor quality.
Which dimension is creating the most significant constraint?
AOrganisations and people
BValue streams and processes
CPartners and suppliers
D ✓Information and technology
Explanation: Even with good people and processes, inconsistent and poor-quality data from multiple systems is an Information and Technology dimension constraint. Data quality and governance sit in this dimension.
Question 17 of 40The ITIL Four Dimensions
An organisation's legal team advises that new data privacy regulations require changes to how personal data is stored, accessed, and deleted across IT services.
Which type of factor is driving this change?
AVOIP dimension — Information and technology
B ✓PESTLE factor — Legal
CPESTLE factor — Political
DVOIP dimension — Value streams and processes
Explanation: Data privacy regulations are a Legal factor within PESTLE — an external influence that constrains what the organisation must do. PESTLE factors are external; the resulting process changes affect the dimensions.
Question 18 of 40The ITIL Four Dimensions
Which of the following is NOT an example of a PESTLE factor?
AA government mandate requiring organisations to report cybersecurity incidents
BA global recession reducing IT budgets across the industry
C ✓The organisation's own decision to outsource its helpdesk
DA new environmental law requiring reduced data centre energy consumption
Explanation: PESTLE factors are external to the organisation. The organisation's own decision to outsource is an internal strategic decision — not a PESTLE factor. Government mandates (L), recessions (E), and energy laws (E) are external PESTLE factors.
Question 19 of 40ITIL Product and Service Lifecycle
A payment processing company maintains 24/7 operations for its transaction platform. The operations team proactively monitors the system and responds to any degradation immediately to maintain agreed service levels.
Which lifecycle activity does this represent?
ADeliver
B ✓Operate
CSupport
DTransition
Explanation: Operate maintains and monitors digital products and supporting systems, ensuring optimal performance and reliability. 24/7 proactive monitoring and immediate response to degradation is the Operate activity.
Question 20 of 40ITIL Product and Service Lifecycle
A new version of a customer-facing web application has been built and tested. The release is being prepared for deployment to the production environment next weekend.
What is the new version BEST called in ITIL terms?
APrototype
BSpecification
C ✓Release
DChange
Explanation: A release is a version of a product that is made available for use. The new version ready for deployment is a release — distinct from a change (the action of deploying it).
Question 21 of 40Value stream identification, mapping, and management
A service request fulfilment process takes an average of 5 days. Value stream mapping reveals actual processing time is only 4 hours. The remaining time is tickets sitting in queues.
What does this ratio indicate?
AA highly efficient value stream with minimal waste
B ✓A significant amount of wait time and waste in the stream
CA normal and acceptable flow efficiency
DA need for more staff to increase processing speed
Explanation: 4 hours of work in 5 days (40 hours) = approximately 10% flow efficiency. 90% of time is non-value-adding wait time — significant waste that value stream mapping is designed to surface.
Question 22 of 40Value stream identification, mapping, and management
An organisation has mapped its incident value stream and identified three bottlenecks. The service manager asks which bottleneck to address first.
According to value stream principles, which should be the FIRST priority?
AThe bottleneck that is easiest to fix
BThe bottleneck with the most complaints from staff
C ✓The bottleneck that constrains the entire stream's throughput the most
DThe bottleneck at the end of the stream
Explanation: The highest-priority bottleneck is the one that most constrains overall throughput. Addressing any other bottleneck first will not improve overall flow — only the primary constraint limits the stream's speed.
Question 23 of 40ITIL and AI
An AI system monitors a company's network. When it detects a router's error rate climbing toward a failure threshold, it predicts impending failure and automatically reroutes traffic before any user impact occurs.
Which TWO AI capabilities are being demonstrated? Select the BEST answer.
A ✓Cognition (predicting failure) and Coordination (rerouting traffic)
BCuration (filtering alerts) and Communication (notifying the team)
CCreation (generating a report) and Clarification (explaining the issue)
DCoordination (rerouting traffic) and Clarification (explaining the failure)
Explanation: Predicting failure from pattern analysis is Cognition (reasoning and decision support). Automatically rerouting traffic is Coordination (orchestrating actions). Together they demonstrate proactive AI-driven operations — the primary ITIL v5 AI use case.
Question 24 of 40ITIL and AI
An AI system has been incorrectly locking accounts from a specific regional office due to unusual-but-legitimate working hours.
Which steps should the organisation take FIRST according to ITIL AI principles?
AShut down the AI system permanently
B ✓Ensure humans review and correct AI decisions, then investigate and retrain the model
CInform users that AI decisions cannot be appealed
DContinue operating as is and monitor for more incidents
Explanation: ITIL requires humans to retain accountability and control. The first steps are: human review and correction of incorrect decisions, followed by root cause investigation and model retraining.
Question 25 of 40ITIL and AI
An organisation is building an AI model to predict the likelihood of major incidents using 3 years of historical incident data.
Why is data governance critically important in this scenario?
AData governance determines which AI vendor to use
B ✓Poor data quality in training data will produce an unreliable or biased AI model
CData governance sets the KPIs for the AI model's performance
DData governance ensures the AI is deployed in the Operate activity
Explanation: AI is only as good as its training data. Data governance — ensuring data quality, completeness, and appropriate use — is the foundation of reliable AI. Poor historical data produces unreliable predictions.
Question 26 of 40ITIL and AI
Within 3 months of introducing AI to its service desk, human agents can no longer handle complex tickets independently because they have been relying on AI recommendations for all decisions.
Which AI risk does this scenario illustrate?
AAI bias in outputs
BLack of transparency
C ✓Over-reliance on AI eroding human skills
DInsufficient AI governance
Explanation: Over-reliance on AI is a risk where humans lose the ability to perform tasks independently. ITIL warns against this — humans must retain the skills and judgment to operate without AI when needed.
Question 27 of 40ITIL and other frameworks
An organisation uses Lean principles to eliminate waste, Agile to deliver software iteratively, and ITIL to manage live services.
How does ITIL position itself relative to Lean and Agile?
AITIL replaces the need for Lean and Agile in mature organisations
BITIL conflicts with Lean because they have different views on process documentation
C ✓ITIL is designed to complement and integrate with Lean, Agile, and other frameworks
DITIL only applies after Lean and Agile have been fully implemented
Explanation: ITIL is explicitly designed to be complementary to and integrated with other frameworks including Lean, Agile, DevOps, and PRINCE2. Each addresses a different aspect of organisational capability.
Question 28 of 40ITIL and other frameworks
A financial institution uses PRINCE2 for project governance and ITIL for service management. A new regulatory reporting service is being delivered as a project and will transition into live operations.
Which ITIL value chain activity represents the handover point between the project and live operations?
ABuild
B ✓Transition
CDeliver
DOperate
Explanation: Transition is the value chain activity that moves new or updated products into operational environments. It represents the handover point between project delivery (PRINCE2 domain) and live service management (ITIL domain).
Question 29 of 40ITIL and AI
An AI system analyses 12 months of incident data to identify a pattern: database timeouts consistently precede service outages by 45 minutes. The system recommends proactive intervention.
Which of the AI (6C) capabilities does this BEST represent?
AClarification
B ✓Cognition
CCuration
DCreation
Explanation: Cognition is the AI capability for reasoning, analysis, and decision support. Identifying patterns in incident data and predicting future failures is an application of AI Cognition.
Question 30 of 40ITIL and AI
An IT service desk manager wants to reduce time agents spend writing ticket resolution notes. She proposes an AI tool that generates a draft resolution note as soon as the agent marks a ticket resolved.
Which of the AI (6C) capabilities does this BEST represent?
ACoordination
BClarification
C ✓Creation
DCuration
Explanation: Creation is the AI capability for generating new content or artefacts. Generating a draft resolution note automatically from the resolution context is a Creation application — AI produces new text content.
Question 31 of 40Key ITIL terms and definitions
A business intelligence platform is available to all employees but only used effectively by the analytics team who know how to write queries. The rest of the organisation cannot extract value from it.
What does this scenario illustrate in ITIL terms?
AThe platform has utility but lacks warranty for most users
B ✓Value is co-created — it requires both provider capability and consumer capability to realise outcomes
CThe platform is a failed service that should be replaced
DThe warranty is insufficient because availability is limited
Explanation: Value is co-created between provider and consumer. The platform (provider) offers capability, but most consumers lack the skills to use it — so value is not realised. Both sides must contribute for value co-creation to occur.
Question 32 of 40The ITIL Value System
A digital transformation programme is behind schedule. The steering committee suggests cutting the testing phase to recover time. The service manager argues this introduces unacceptable risk to service quality and customer satisfaction.
Which guiding principle BEST supports the service manager's argument?
AKeep it simple and practical
BStart where you are
C ✓Focus on value
DProgress iteratively with feedback
Explanation: 'Focus on value' — all activities must link back to value for customers and stakeholders. Cutting testing undermines service quality and customer satisfaction, which are the ultimate value outcomes.
Question 33 of 40ITIL Product and Service Lifecycle
A development team has finished building a new HR portal and tested it successfully in staging. The next step is deploying it to the production environment where employees will use it.
Which value chain activity covers this deployment step?
ABuild
BDeliver
C ✓Transition
DOperate
Explanation: Transition seamlessly introduces new or updated products into operational environments. Moving the tested HR portal from staging to production is the Transition activity — distinct from Build (development/testing) and Deliver (providing services to users post-launch).
Question 34 of 40The ITIL Four Dimensions
An organisation successfully selects and configures a new AI-powered service desk tool. However, six months later adoption is low — agents are not using the AI features because they don't understand how to work alongside them.
Which dimension was MOST neglected during implementation?
AInformation and technology
BValue streams and processes
CPartners and suppliers
D ✓Organisations and people
Explanation: Organisations and people covers culture, skills, and how people adapt to change. The technology and processes were implemented but people were not trained or supported to change behaviour — a failure in this dimension.
Question 35 of 40Key ITIL terms and definitions
A staff member contacts the IT service desk: their laptop won't turn on. The agent investigates, finds a faulty power adapter, provides a replacement, and the laptop works again.
What ITIL term BEST describes the original ticket?
AService request
BProblem
CKnown error
D ✓Incident
Explanation: An incident is an unplanned interruption to a service or reduction in service quality. A laptop not turning on is an unplanned interruption to the user's ability to work — it is an incident, not a pre-agreed service request.
Question 36 of 40Value stream identification, mapping, and management
An organisation has redesigned its incident response value stream after identifying three major sources of waste. After deploying the new process, management wants to track whether the improvements are delivering the expected reduction in resolution time.
Which step of the continual improvement model does this monitoring represent?
ATake action
BWhere do we want to be?
C ✓Are we getting there?
DHow do we get there?
Explanation: 'Are we getting there?' involves monitoring progress against the target state using KPIs. Tracking whether the redesigned value stream is delivering the expected resolution time improvement is exactly this step.
Question 37 of 40ITIL and other frameworks
A cloud platform team uses Infrastructure as Code (IaC) to manage all server provisioning. Every infrastructure change goes through an automated CI/CD pipeline with automated testing before being applied to production.
Which ITIL value chain activity does the automated pipeline MOST directly support?
ADiscover
BDesign
C ✓Transition
DOperate
Explanation: Transition seamlessly introduces new or updated configurations into operational environments. An automated CI/CD pipeline for infrastructure changes — with testing before production — is an automated Transition activity.
Question 38 of 40ITIL and AI
An organisation uses an AI model to automatically approve standard changes. An internal audit finds the AI has been approving changes that were previously rejected by human reviewers as non-standard. Nobody in the team is aware this has been happening.
Which TWO AI governance failures does this scenario illustrate? Select the BEST answer.
A ✓Lack of transparency and absence of human oversight
BAI bias and insufficient training data
COver-reliance on automation and lack of observability
DData quality issues and insufficient AI maturity
Explanation: Two AI governance failures are present: lack of transparency (the AI's decisions were not visible or understandable to the team) and absence of human oversight (nobody was reviewing AI approvals). Both are core AI governance requirements in ITIL v5.
Question 39 of 40The ITIL Four Dimensions
Identify the missing word(s) in the following sentence.
The Four Dimensions of Product and Service Management are represented by the mnemonic [ ? ]: Value streams and processes, Organisations and people, Information and technology, Partners and suppliers.
ASTOPKFC
BPESTLE
CDIKW
D ✓VOIP
Explanation: VOIP is the mnemonic for the Four Dimensions of Product and Service Management: Value streams & processes, Organisations & people, Information & technology, Partners & suppliers. STOPKFC = guiding principles; PESTLE = external factors; DIKW = data-information-knowledge-wisdom.
Question 40 of 40Key ITIL terms and definitions
An organisation outsources its entire data centre to a cloud provider. Three months later, the cloud provider unexpectedly exits the market, leaving the organisation with no operational infrastructure and no transition plan.
In value terms, which aspect of the service relationship was MOST insufficiently evaluated before outsourcing?
AUtility — whether the cloud service did what was needed
BWarranty — whether the service was available when needed
C ✓Risk — the possibility of the provider becoming unavailable
DCost — the monthly fee for the cloud service
Explanation: Risk is the uncertainty of outcome — whether positive opportunity or negative threat. The risk that a provider exits the market is a risk INTRODUCED by the service relationship. Properly evaluating this risk before outsourcing would have required contingency planning and exit strategy provisions.